Which principle states that pressure exerted on a liquid is transmitted equally throughout the liquid?

The correct answer is based on Pascal's principle, which asserts that when pressure is applied to an enclosed fluid, that pressure is transmitted uniformly throughout the fluid in all directions. This principle is foundational in hydraulics, as it explains how hydraulic systems operate. For example, when pressure is applied on one end of a hydraulic piston, that same pressure is exerted on the other end, allowing for the lifting of heavy loads with relatively little force. This principle is crucial for understanding devices like hydraulic lifts or brakes, which rely on the uniform transmission of pressure to function effectively.

Other principles mentioned, such as Archimedes' principle, focus on buoyancy and the behavior of objects submerged in fluids, while Bernoulli's equation relates fluid speed to pressure in a flowing fluid system, but does not specifically address pressure transmission in vehicles filled with liquids. The hydraulic principle, while closely related to Pascal's law, is a more general term that encompasses a broader range of hydraulic concepts, making Pascal's principle the specific answer addressing the question.