What is the main function of a hydraulic accumulator?

The primary function of a hydraulic accumulator is to store energy in the form of hydraulic fluid under pressure and release it when needed, which is why the correct answer is centered on this aspect. Hydraulic accumulators achieve this by using a compressible gas, usually nitrogen, which exerts pressure on the hydraulic fluid. When the hydraulic system requires additional force or flow, the accumulator can discharge the stored fluid, thereby providing a boost in pressure or volume. This is essential for applications where fluid needs to be supplied quickly and efficiently, such as in emergency situations or to smooth out pulsations in a hydraulic system.

This function is integral to maintaining system efficiency and performance, especially in systems subject to variable loads, as it allows for energy conservation and facilitates the operation of hydraulic machinery without wasting energy or resources. The other options describe functions that are not specifically related to hydraulic accumulators, such as limiting pressure, filtering fluid, or measuring flow rates, which belong to different components within a hydraulic system.