What does the compaction curve in soil mechanics illustrate?

The compaction curve in soil mechanics illustrates the correlation between moisture content and dry density. This curve is essential for understanding how different moisture levels affect the density of the soil when subjected to compaction. As moisture content increases, there is a point at which the soil reaches its maximum dry density, known as the optimum moisture content. This relationship is critical in geotechnical engineering because achieving optimal compaction ensures that soil will have the necessary strength and stability for construction projects.

The compaction process is vital for construction as it enhances the load-bearing capacity and reduces the risk of settlement. By studying the compaction curve, engineers can determine the ideal conditions for compacting soil, ensuring that it performs well under various loads.