What does “negative pressure” in hydraulics refer to?

Negative pressure in hydraulics specifically refers to pressure that is lower than atmospheric pressure, which can lead to conditions such as cavitation. When the pressure within a hydraulic system drops below the surrounding atmospheric pressure, it can create vapor bubbles in the fluid, which, upon collapsing, can cause damage to hydraulic components. This phenomenon is particularly critical in systems where pumps are involved, as cavitation can lead to significant performance issues and potential failure of the pump.

Understanding the implications of negative pressure is crucial for hydraulic system design and operation, as it informs engineers about the limits of pressure that can be safely maintained within the system to avoid such cavitation risks. By keeping pressure above atmospheric levels and within safe operating ranges, hydraulic systems can function efficiently without risking damage from these adverse conditions.