What differentiates pneumatic systems from hydraulic systems?

Pneumatic systems are characterized by their use of compressible gases, typically air, while hydraulic systems operate with incompressible liquids, such as oil or water. The distinction is fundamental to how these systems function.

In pneumatic systems, the compressibility of gas allows for rapid and flexible operation, making them ideal for applications requiring lightweight movement and varying speeds. This flexibility enables precise control over pressure and flow, which is beneficial in applications like tools, actuators, and automation systems. The behavior of the gas changes with pressure and temperature, which influences performance characteristics.

In contrast, hydraulic systems benefit from the incompressibility of liquids, providing high force output and the ability to transmit power over longer distances with minimal loss. This results in systems that can lift heavier loads and operate more smoothly under high pressure, making them suitable for applications like construction equipment, presses, and machinery.

Understanding this difference is crucial for selecting the appropriate system for specific applications and for designing efficient and effective engineering solutions.